Bread wheat is a key cereal crop in Ethiopia, playing a crucial role in ensuring food security and generating income for the country. Regarding production volume and area coverage, Ethiopia is the second-largest wheat-producing country in Africa. However, average wheat productivity is low (2.97 t ha⁻¹) compared to international wheat productivity. This may result from different factors, among which seed insecurity is the most remarkable problem. This study was initiated to assess the seed system, farmer’s use of certified seed, and storage practices of bread wheat to enhance grain production in seed insecurity districts of the East Gojjam Zone. This study was conducted in the Gozamin and Aneded districts of the East Gojjam Zone. The survey was conducted using 265 sample households based on probability proportion to population size from four kebeles during 2023/2024 cropping season. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from sample households, while a checklist was used to collect qualitative data from 16 key informants and 4 focus group discussions participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the study findings using SPSS version 27 software. The findings of this study revealed that farmers accessed bread wheat seed from different sources, i.e., informal seed sources such as about (49.3% in Gozamin, 42.7% in Aneded) were farm-saved from the previous cropping seasons, (15.7% in Gozamin, 16.1% in Aneded) from local markets, (17.9% in gozamin, 15.3% in Aneded) from relatives, and (17.1% in Gozamin, 25.9% in Aneded) were from formal seed sources. Therefore, the informal seed source is a major seed source and important in wheat production at study areas. Yield advantage (37.4%), disease tolerance (40.4), market value (20.7%), and food quality(1.5) were found to be the most common criteria in making the decision to use improved bread wheat varieties in the study area. Farmers in the studied areas have good knowledge of certified bread wheat seed use and practiced saving and storing their own seed for up to one year. Therefore, Amhara Agricultural Research Institutes, Amhara Seed Enterprises, and agricultural extension offices at regional, zonal, and district levels should give more attention to establishing a sustainable seed system, increasing farmers awareness of certified seed use and knowledge of how to store bread wheat seeds, and providing affordable access to PICS bags to enhance production and productivity in the study area.