Despite the presence of a large number of chickens in Ethiopia, contribution to the national economy or benefit from this sector of activity is very limited due to diseases and management, of which poultry coccidiosis is a leading problem. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to December 2022 with the objective of assessing epidemiology and species identification of poultry coccidiosis, in backyard and semi-intensive poultry production systems. A total of 384 randomly selected chickens were used for this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for associated risk factors. One way ANOVA was used to analyze mean Eimeria oocyst count across different hypothesized risk factors. Overall prevalence of poultry coccidiosis was 25.0%. Young chickens (<8wk) (OR, 1.787, P=0.007), local (OR, 0.352, P=0.001), exotic breed and those chickens managed under poor management condition (OR, 8.499, P=0.0001) were significantly at higher risk of acquiring coccidiosis when compared to older, local and medium and good management systems. The mean Eimeria oocyst count analyzed by one way ANOVA indicated the existence of a significant difference in the mean of Eimeria oocyst count among the age categories (F=10.256, P=0.001), study site (F=43.399, P=0.0001) and highly significant among chickens kept under all three management systems (F=43.399, P=0.0001). A total of six Eimeria species were identified. E. maxima (26.04) and E. necatrix (25%) were the predominant species encountered. In conclusion, the present study reported that there was high prevalence coccidiosis in poultry from the study area. Therefore, based on the epidemiology of Eimeria species, tailor made intervention is required to mitigate risk factors for coccidiosis owners should properly manage their chickens to reducing the prevalence of poultry coccidiosis in the study area. Keywords: Coccidiosis, Ethiopia, Poultry, Prevalence, Risk factors, cross sectio