Understanding how land use affects soil respiration (Rs) rates will assist us to comprehend global CO fluxes and develop land management plans. This study examines: (1) the impact of land use on Rs in highland and midland agroecology; (2) the effects of land use on heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) soil respiration in the three contrasting agroecologies Guder (2500–4232 m), Aba Gerima (1500–2500 m) and Dibatie (500–1500 m); (3) the effects of land management practices on seasonal and diurnal Rs dynamics in highland; (4) and the effects of soil amendments on Rs in midland agroecosystems. Data for Rs, soil moisture (S 2 ), and temperature (S ) were recorded monthly. One-way repeated measures ANOVA, Friedman’s nonparametric test, paired t-test, regression, and correlation analysis were used throughout the study. Based on the results, Rs rates were significantly (p = 0.004) higher in khat plantations and teff cropland than in midland grazing land. On the other hand, in the highlands, grazing land showed significantly higher Rs rates than Acacia decurrens and teff cropland (p = 0.002). The Ra values of teff cropland in Guder and Aba Gerima were higher than those of other land uses and lower than those of grazing land in Dibatie. Similarly, the Rh of midland teff cropland was higher than that of other land uses. In the highlands, the Rh values of Acacia plantations were higher than those of other land uses. The results indicated that teff cultivation in relatively humid regions, Guder (1.36 CO T xix 2 μmol m ) and Aba Gerima (2.08 CO 2 μmol m –2 s –1 ) results in higher CO fluxes into the atmosphere than Dibatie (0.80 CO 2 μmol m –2 s –1 2 ). Seasonal Rs rates were significantly different in different seasons (autumn, p = 0.008; winter, p = 0.011; spring, p = 0.011; and summer, p = 0.038) between soil bund and control plots in all seasons. The rate of daytime Rs was significantly higher (p = 0.0002) at 11 a.m. than at other times and lowest at 5 a.m. The Rs levels of B (4.23 ± 0.61 CO 2 μmol m –2 s –1 ) and PAM+L (4.14 ± 0.57 μmol m –2 s –1 ) were significantly higher than those of PAM+B (3.43 ± 0.55 μmol m –2 s –1 ) (p = 0.0003). Overall, different soil and soilrelated factors, such as S m and S , contributed to the variations in the Rs at the study sites. However, in-depth research is needed to evaluate whether land use and management practices significantly contribute CO 2 T to the atmosphere or not.