Abstract:
Biomedical waste consists of toxic or hazardous substances and it is the second most hazardous
waste in the world, just after radiation waste; so, it should be managed safely and appropriately.
Generation and disposal of biomedical wastes have become an emerging problem worldwide. It
is regarded as one of the most significant urban decision-making issues and the foremost
problem in healthcare institutions. Accordingly, the study aimed to assess biomedical solid waste
management practices and the variables influencing them in public and private healthcare
facilities of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional institutional analysis was performed in
14 public and private HCFs, selected through stratified followed by purposive sampling; and 85
key informants were selected using convenience sampling in each healthcare facility
independently. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observational
checklists. The data were managed and analyzed by STATA version 17. Multivariable binary
logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with BMWM practices based
on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-values<.05. The
results showed that the surveyed HCFs had 55.3% good BMWM practices; out of which, 64.4%,
60.0%, and 36.4% were hospitals, health centers, and specialty centers respectively. As well as
public and private HCFs were counted as, 52.9% and 58.8% of good practice respectively.
BMWM practice in the surveyed overall HCFs was significantly associated with the segregation
of waste by health professionals according to guidelines (AOR= 6.82, 95% CI: 1.85, 25.08),
availability of treatment equipment (AOR= 4.80, 95% CI: 1.34, 17.15), and presence SOPs
(AOR= 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.10). The annual estimated waste generation rate of the surveyed
overall HCFs was 789.14 tones/year; out of which, hospitals, health centers, and specialty
centers scored (632.91, 124.47 & 31.76) tons/year respectively. Similarly, public and private
HCFs were recorded (862.87 & 140.79) tons/year respectively. Except for specialty centers, the
HCWM of all the surveyed HCFs had more than half good practices. This study demonstrated
that BMWM in healthcare facilities is still challenging. Medical facilities, furthermore specialty
centers should enhance their HCWMPs by encouraging procedures that guarantee appropriate
waste management methods under guidelines from segregation to disposal.