Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are the two major yield limiting plant nutrients inEthiopia. Existing NP rates for the production of cereal crops, including wheat, are veryoldand critically need revisiting and updating the economic and biological optimumrates. Thus, this research was conducted to determine the economical optimum rate of NandPforbread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2023 rainy season in the Nitisols of YilmanaDensadistrict, Northwest Ethiopia. The treatment consisted of five levels of nitrogen(69,115,161,207 and 253 kg ha -1) that were factorially combined with three levels of P2O5(46, 69 and 92 kg ha -1). A pilot treatment with no N and P was also added as a control toevaluate the overall performance of wheat under no fertilizer input. TAY breadwheat variety, which is widely adapted to the study area, was used as a test crop. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected before treatment application. Thedata were analyzed using SAS version 9.0 and treatment means were separated usingLSDat P ≤ 0.05. The result revealed that N and P2O5 significantly (P < 0.05) increasedgrainyield, straw yield, and other yield components of the bread wheat. The lowest grain, strawyields (349.2,446.8 kg ha -1 , respectively) were recorded from the control. The combinationof 207 kg N and 69 kg P2O5 ha -1 resulted in the highest grain and straw yields (3737, 3606kg ha -1 , respectively) with maximum grain N (120.95 kg ha -1) and P (6.60 kg ha -1) uptakescompared to the other treatments. The agronomic ef iciencies of N and P decreasedas theirrates increased. Finally, 207 N combined 69 P2O5 kg ha -1 is economically feasible withanet benefit of (208,612.1 ET Birr) and 898.3% MRR and is therefore recommendedfor theproduction of bread wheat in the Nitisols of Yilmana Densa district. This was preferredtosoil nutrients are variable in spatial, so site-specific recommendation of fertilizerapplication to balance N and P nutrients are beneficial for bread wheat production.