Abstract:
Background: Dietary diversity is defined as the number of different foods or food groups consumed over a given reference period. Malnourished mothers often lack the capacity to effectively combat diseases and provide adequate nutrients to their children, which can have detrimental effects on the overall socioeconomic development of a country. Given the importance of dietary diversity in supporting maternal and child health, understanding the extent of dietary diversity among this population is crucial for designing effective strategies and interventions to address the problem.
Objective: To assess the dietary diversity status and its association with infant birth weight among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care at Addisalem Hospital in Bahir Dar town.
Methods: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 02, 2022, to September 02, 2023 GC. Data were collected using a 24-hour dietary recall method and weight measurements after delivery. The collected data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Binary logistic regression model was employed to determine the association between dietary diversity score and infant birth weight. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-values less than 0.05 were used to test the statistical significance of the associations.
Result: The study found that 32.4% (n=77) of the pregnant women had inadequate minimum dietary diversity for women (MDDS-W), while 67.6% (n=161) had adequate MDDS-W. Nearly all (97.9%) of the women consumed grains, white roots, tubers, and plantains. The majority (85.7%) consumed pulses, but a large proportion (75.6%) did not consume nuts and seeds. Half (50.8%) reported dairy consumption. Almost two-thirds (63%) did not have meat, poultry, or fish, and over half (52.9%) did not consume eggs. For vitamin A-rich and other plant-based foods, the majority (76.1%) did not have dark green leafy vegetables. The majority (92%) of participants had normal birth weight infants, while 8% delivered low birth weight infants. Infants born to mothers with inadequate MDDS-W had 10 times higher odds of low birth weight compared to infants born to mothers with adequate MDDS-W (OR = 9.6, 95% CI: 5.956-15.776, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study found that a relatively higher proportion of pregnant women had adequate dietary diversity scores. Improved dietary diversity is associated with increased micronutrient intake and better pregnancy outcomes. The findings of this study suggest an association between maternal minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W) score and low birth weight (LBW), where mothers with low DDS had higher odds of having a low-birth-weight child compared to those with high DDS scores.
Keywords: Woman Dietary diversity, Pregnancy, birth weight; Addisalem Hospital.