Abstract:
Poor diets that are low in iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and protein are the main cause of
micronutrient and protein malnutrition in young children in developing nations like
Ethiopia. This study aimed to develop nutritious and sensorial acceptable Emmer wheatcowpea snack products to overcome under-nutrition and its associated factors in children
using a twin-screw extruder at various processing conditions. Barrel temperatures of (80,
100, and 120°C), feed moisture content (22, 24, and 26%), and blend ratio of cowpea
(10, 17.5, 25 %,) at a constant screw speed (300 rpm). Design-Expert software version
13.5 was used to assess the significance of independent, interactive, and quadratic effects
of extrusion process variables using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design
(BBD) and response surface methodology. Physico-chemical and antinutritional
properties were determined, and numerical optimization was carried out to find the best
processing conditions. The extrusion conditions had a highly significant effect (p<0.05)
on the final extruded snack product of Physico-chemical and antinutritional properties.
Data showed that blends based on emmer wheat could produce extruded products under
acceptable extrusion conditions of blending ratio of cowpea at (15.234%), feed moisture
content at (22.017%), and barrel temperature at (120 °C).
Keywords: Extrusion cooking, Complimentary, Optimization, extrudes