Abstract:
Bioethanol is a significant renewable liquid fuel for automobiles. Bioethanol production from biomass is one technique to minimize crude oil usage while also reducing pollution. Conversion technologies for manufacturing ethanol from cellulosic biomass resources such as forest materials, agricultural residues, and urban wastes are still in the works and have yet to be proven. Because of its Crassulacean Acid metabolism, the prickly pear can be grown in arid settings. Bioethanol is a clean and renewable energy source made from lignocellulose biomass. It is a secondary crop that is extensively distributed in dry and semi-arid zones, and its adaptability as a crop has lately been examined for its potential in the biofuel business. Cladode is a lignocellulosic material source. Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are all present in varying amounts in lignocellulosic materials. Cladode is employed as a feedstock for the production of fermentable sugar in this study, and it comprises 91.8 percent water, 27 percent extractives, 29 percent ash, 6.87 percent protein, 7.43 percent lignin, 11 percent hemicelluloses, and 18.7 percent cellulose after acid pretreatment and acid hydrolysis. It also improved the surface responsiveness and hydrolysis of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes using diluted acid. Seventeen experimental runs were carried out at temperatures ranging from 109 to 121 , with H2SO4 concentrations ranging from 2 to 4 percent and residence times ranging from 10 to 30 minutes. The influence of the parameters was determined by the amount of reducing sugar produced, and the optimization was carried out using the Box-Behnken design process. The results demonstrate that the temperature, time and concentration greatly affected the reducing sugar concentration. The yield of reducing sugar dropped at low temperatures, concentrations, and times, whereas it increased at high value parameters. With an acid concentration of 3.04 percent, hydrolysis duration of 29.2 minutes, and a temperature of 120.16 , this optimization resulted in the production of 10.33 mg/ml of total reducing sugars (TRS).