The Fogera floodplain is a wetland resource center hosting diverse aquatic life and livelihoods. However, natural and human-precipitated pressures threaten these assets, causing degradation and impacting wetland-based fauna and plants. The objective of the study was to assess the wetland ecological integrity condition by examining the interplay among biodiversity species composition, land cover dynamics, and ecosystem services within the Fogera floodplain in the Dilmo, Bebeks, Sendye, Shesher, and littoral wetlands. Data collection was carried out from 2022 to 2023. Different approaches were used to collect the required data. Samples of water, macrophytes, and macroinvertebrates were gathered at 20 sampling sites with volume sampling for water, quadrat methods for macrophytes, and kick-net or D-frame net methods for macroinvertebrates, respectively. Fish were collected at all wetlands using monofilament nets. Line transect and point count methods were implemented to collect the bird data. The study used various statistical tools, including mean comparisons, cluster analysis, and ordination techniques to classify sampling sites and elucidate the underlying physicochemical gradients, utilizing a range of field and laboratory tools. The Shannon-Wiener index and Bray-Curtis cluster evaluation were used to quantify species variety and compare species composition. The DPSIR framework model was utilized to look at the interactions between society and the environment, while land use changes were analyzed using Google Earth Maps. Contingent valuation and market pricing techniques were used to assess the value of wetland products. In the macrophyte investigation, a total of 55 species and 25 families were recorded from both natural wetlands and paddy fields. Dilmo Wetland had the highest macrophyte species richness (29) and Shannon-Wiener index (2.9) values. In the macroinvertebrate assessment, a total of 9 orders and 23 families were identified. The abundant genera were Hemiptera, with a mean abundance of 22.35 ± 41.01. The least common orders were Arachnida and Ephemeroptera. A total of eight fish species, namely Barbus humilis, Clarias gariepinus, Enteromius pleurogramma, Garra dembecha, Garra tana, Labeobarbus brevicephalus, Labeobarbus intermedius, Oreochromis niloticus tana were found in the wetlands. The study of birds in the Afromontane wetland ecosystem showed that there were 16,841 individuals representing 35 species, 21 families, and 13 orders. The study areas with the highest abundances were Shesher (6895) and Sendye (4354 vii individuals), respectively. Among the resident birds, the African pygmy goose (Nettapus auritus) and Maccoa Duck (Oxyura maccoa) were commonly found in the littoral of the lake. Globally threatened species like wattled cranes and black-crowned cranes were common in farming landscapes. Land cover change in the study area was primarily driven by population expansion, with wetlands and their flood vegetation losing 1,658.62 ha while cultivated land expanded to 10,950.47 ha within 32 years in the floodplain. Cluster analysis grouped sampled sites into 3 disturbance categories. Macrophyte species, particularly Digitaria sanguinalis, Phalaris paradoxa, and Echinochloa stagnina, served as animal fodder, at the same time, Cyperus papyrus, and Typha latifolia, and fish catch supported the subsistence livelihoods of society in the study area. Wetlands offer significant financial value and earnings to the society and provide vital provisioning services such as cattle fodder, water, cultivation, fish catch, food, and raw materials. The total economic value of about Birr 22,866,200.00 (US$ 408,325.00) with an average yearly income of Birr 152,441.3 (US$ 2,722.20) per household was delivered from commodities produced from the studied wetlands. To minimize the wetland degradation and to maintain the vegetation in the area, restore native vegetation, supplementary planting of multi-purpose grasses like Panicum paradoxa, papyrus, and Typha is crucial. Designating the Shesher wetland and surrounding littoral zones as protected area or as a local national park for bird sanctuary is also important.