Abstract:
In Ethiopia, bread wheat is a significant cereal crop in terms of production volume and area
coverage. However, its yield is influenced by yellow rust disease. Hence, this study was
carried out to assess the status of yellow rust disease and to develop bread wheat yellow rust
disease integrated management options using varieties and fungicides in Debre Elias district
during 2023 main cropping season. A total of 100 wheat farmer fields were assessed from
four kebele administrations in the district for yellow rust disease prevalence, incidence, and
severity and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. The field
experiment was conducted at Guay Kebele administration on a farmer’s field. A total of 9
treatment combinations, including three bread wheat varieties (Danda’a, Ogolcho, and
Kakaba) and two fungicides (Nativo SC 300 and Kanzole 25% EC, including unsprayed
check) with three replications were laid out in a factorial arrangement using RCBD design.
Both disease and yield-related data were collected, and SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze
them. Survey results revealed that 88%, 42.41%, and 28.67% of yellow rust mean prevalence,
incidence, and severity were observed in the district respectively. Survey result also revealed
that the highest mean severity was recorded on fields covered by Ogolcho variety (50.91%),
which were at heading growth stage (31.48%), had high plant density (40.79%), previously
covered by wheat crop (36.97%) with an altitude range >2167 m.a.s.l. (31.77%) and
unsprayed ones (36.61%). The field study result showed that the highest FYRS of 89.08%,
80.48%, and 43.33% were recorded on unsprayed Ogolcho, Kakaba, and Danda’a varieties,
respectively. And also the minimum (363.02% days
-1
) AUDPC value was registered on the
Danda’a variety treated with Nativo SC 300 fungicide. Varieties of unsprayed plots resulted
in maximum RYL of 74.55%, 52.31%, and 48.13% on Ogolcho, Kakaba, and Danda varieties,
respectively. Variety Danda treated with Nativo SC 300 fungicide gave the maximum (4.55 t
ha
-1
) of grain yield and NB (302,150 birr ha
-1
). As a result, the combined use of Danda
variety with Nativo SC 300 fungicide could be suggested for efficient yellow rust management
and optimization of production in Debre Elias. The study should be repeated in similar and differe
nt agro-ecologies and years to set a solid recommendation.