Ethiopia’s soils are experiencing a continuous decline in essential plant nutrients and organic matter, which has become one of the major constraints to agricultural productivity in the country. This experiment was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of integrating vermicompost (VC) and inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) fertilizer on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and soil physicochemical properties in the Yilmana Densa district during the 2025 cropping season on Nitisol at two sites. Sixteen treatments consisting of a factorial combination of four vermicompost (VC) rates (0, 3, 6, and 9 t /ha) and four NP fertilizer rates (0/0, 46/46, 92/69, and 138/92 kg N/P 2 O were arranged in a RCBD with three replications. All collected agronomic and soil data were analyzed using R statistical software version R.4.3.3. Treatment means were separated using LSD at 5% probability level, while economic feasibility was assessed using partial budget analysis. The results of this trial revealed that the highest soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Ava.P), organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the lowest bulk density (BD) were recorded at 9 t / ha VC at both experimental sites while the lowest were from the control. The highest plant height (PH), spike length (SL), kernels per spike (KS), thousand-seed weight (TSW), grain yield (GY), biomass (BM), and straw yield (SY) were recorded from 9 t/ha VC + 138N/92P 5 2 O kg /ha, while the lowest were from the control at both experimental sites. Harvest index (HI), nitrogen, and phosphorus agronomic use efficiency were also significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced by the combined application of VC and NP fertilizers. The highest net benefit with an acceptable MRR value was gained from 9t/ha VC +138 N/92 P 2 O 5 5 kg /ha. Therefore, 9t/ha VC combined with 138/92/ ha NP fertilizer is effective for enhancing soil fertility and wheat productivity while providing economically viable returns for the study area.