In most developing nations throughout the world, the main health problem resulting from the usage of unclean home water is waterborne infections. Therefore, the development of efficient and sustainable water purification techniques is essential. In this study, cellulose from sugarcane bagasse was converted into cellulose nanofiber to develop a membrane filter used for purifying household water. A water sample from Bahir Dar Zuria Wereda, Wegelisa Kebelle, was taken to evaluate the efficiency of the method. FTIR analysis and UV-Vis characterization of the nanocelluloses matched successfully with the literature. All three nanocellulose-based membranes (M1, M2, and M3) were efficient in purifying household water based on the investigated physicochemical water quality parameters. The thickness of the prepared membranes with a diameter of 47 mm (M1, M2, and M3), made from 10 ml, 15 ml, and 20 ml of cellulose nanofiber suspension, was 0.27 ± 0.036 mm, 0.56 ± 0.035 mm, and 0.84 ± 0.085 mm, respectively. The pore sizes of M1, M2, and M3 were 1.7724 nm, 1.7124 nm, and 1.6874 nm, respectively. The membranes demonstrated the ability to reduce the concentrations of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, chloride ions, heavy metals, and bacteria in household water. After purification using M1, M2, and M3, the TDS value of the raw water sample (142.27 ± 0.83 mg/L) was reduced to 120 ± 0.6 mg/L, 99.1 ± 0.61 mg/L, and 96.07 ± 0.63 mg/L respectively. Notably, an analysis of the concentrations of heavy metals in the water before and after purification with a nanocellulose-based membrane showed a significant reduction in heavy metals. Also, other listed ions, decreased in parallel. The bacteria reduction rate after the sample was purified using M1, M2, and M3 was 45.04%, 56.98%, and 65.5%, respectively. As a whole, the nanocellulose-based membranes efficiently reduced the concentration of ions and also the amount of bacteria’s from the household water sample