The major sources of drinking water for the wide majority of the rural population (84% of the frequency dry total) in Ethiopia are surface runoff, unprotected springs, ponds, rivers, and hand-dug wells. Whose health risk is significant as they are exposed to contamination caused by human beings, livestock, wildlife, and uncontrolled flooding. However, the majority of the people in awbare woreda still did not have access to potable, sufficient, and sustainable water supply. The major objective of the study was to assess the challenges of rural water supply schemes and assess the main schemes' sustainability determinants related to community, consumer satisfactions, technology, rule and regulation, operation and maintenance management aspect in the rural water supply scheme. To address the research objectives, household surveys, field observation, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and relevant document reviews analyzed using SPSS software (Version 27). In awbare woreda were used 12 water supply schemes and a total of 108 heads of households were selected using a combination of purposively and simple random techniques. Lack of available materials, less water committee’s effort, fewer senses of ownership and poor cost recovery and management problems are identified as the main problems. Most of the communities were not actively participate starting from planning to post-construction management due to this most of the water supply schemes were not sustainable for multiple reasons. The finding of this research indicated that the schemes were performing well on only 39.9% of the technical, rule and regulation, operation and maintenance, and community aspects. Therefore, awbare woreda water development office needs to create and developed a sense of ownership, improve developing rules and regulation support, develop cost recovery management and rehabilitate existed water schemes by mobilizing the community in order to avoid a large community using a single water supply scheme. Keywords: Water supply, Access to water, Sustainability, Somali Region