Abstract:
Human bones serve as protective structures for vital organs, and fractures represent either complete
or partial breaks in these bones. This study aims to classify bone fractures to enhance surgical
diagnosis and treatment. It specifically addresses five types of fractures: comminuted, fracture
dislocations, oblique, pathological, and spiral fractures. While also considering multi-region
fractures. The classification utilizes X-ray images, which are commonly used in medical settings
for diagnosing fractures.
To accomplish this, we used a hybrid approach that integrates various image processing techniques
and machine learning methods. This includes using k-means and watershed algorithms for
segmentation, which effectively isolates the fracture areas from complex background images. For
feature extraction, we applied Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), enabling the automatic
identification of relevant features from the segmented images. We then used Support Vector
Machine (SVM) classification to accurately categorize the different types of fractures based on
these extracted features. We thoroughly tested the proposed method and achieved an accuracy of
95%. This high accuracy shows that combining advanced image processing techniques with
machine learning can greatly improve diagnosis in orthopedic settings, by helping doctors make
faster and more accurate treatment decisions for patients with bone fractures; this study improves
the reliability of fracture classification in clinical practice.
Keywords: Bone Fractures, Image Processing, CNN and SVM.