This study aimed to explore the causes, effects, and regulation mechanisms of illegal migration from Shewarobit town to Saudi Arabia in the context of conflict. The study utilized a qualitative research approach and a phenomenological design. In-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and observations were employed for data collection. The triangulated data collected through different methods were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that people in the study area migrate to Saudi Arabia in the context of conflicts due to economic factors such as unemployment, lack of farmland, and the inability to cultivate available farmland. Socially, peer pressure from family and friends, a positive attitude toward illegal migration, the destruction of social institutions like schools, and the success stories of those who have gone before were found to be important drivers. Human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings, torture, and arbitrary (mass) arrests, together with advance payment and post-payment systems, were also factors contributing to illegal migration in Shewarobit town. The effects of illegal migration in the context of conflict are complex; the phenomenon affects migrants and their families in various ways: hunger and thirst, sexual violence, shelter problems, physical damage, illness, and even death. It also causes marriage breakdown, vulnerability of elders, disruption of social ties, and fosters ethnic divisions during migration, in the destination, workplace, and in prison. Payments to brokers also harm the financial well-being of migrants and their families, leading to conflicts and quarrels with relatives and neighbors. Conflicts disrupt efforts to regulate illegal migration and implement rehabilitation mechanisms. Corruption, lack of law enforcement, and fragmentation of government institutions and other stakeholders were found to be the challenges in regulating illegal migration in the context of conflicts. Coordinated efforts from multiple stakeholders, including the government, NGOs, society, migrants, and researchers, are required to effectively address the problem.