Abstract:
Slabs are required to support a load concentrated over a small area relative to the size of the
slab, which may arise from equipment, plant, safes or the like. For a one-way slab, a strip
of width called effective width (beff) is considered to be effective in carrying the load to
supports and is used to determine the requisite longitudinal flexural capacity of a single span
one-way slabs. Based on a mixture of simplified analyses, test data and experience rules are
given in various country building codes to determine widths of solid slabs effective for
bending resistance of point and line loads. Alternatively, building codes also allow
utilization of finite element analysis and design of slabs subjected to concentrated or line
loads. In this study, finite element method was utilized to develop empirical effective width
equation that account additional parameters that are not considered in the current effective
width formula.
ABAQUS/standard software was used for three dimensional nonlinear modeling of one way slab under concentrated load. The reinforcement bars were modeled as elastic-perfectly
plastic material, the slab using concrete damage plasticity material model and the loader and
support were assumed as rigid materials. Both material and geometric nonlinearity were
taken into account. The results obtained from the finite element analysis were verified
against experimental result of other researchers.
Parametric study was performed to study the effective width of a one way slab by varying
the slab width ratio, loader distance to span ratio and loader dimension. The result
from the numerical method is comparable with that of the British and Indian standards. On
average the result from numerical study is 1% and 4% greater than the British and Indian
standard respectively. For all finite element models considered larger load widths would
give larger effective width similar to analytical formulas. When the slab width ratio (Ly/Lx)
decreases the numerical result shows that the effective width decrease significantly. Larger
load length would result in larger effective width unlike analytical formulas which
completely ignored the effect. Also both the concrete grade and slab thickness effect on the
effective width was not significant. Finally nonlinear equation were generated after
considering different combination of parameters using NCSS statistical software.
Key words: Effective width, concentrated load, finite element method, Abaqus, concrete
damage plasticity mode