Abstract:
Chitosan and clays are both naturally occurring, plentiful minerals. A variety of technologies are
used to remove pollutants from wastewater, but adsorption is thought to be the most effective,
clear, efficient, economical, and sustainable. The intercalation of kaolin clay with chitosan as an
adsorbent is investigated in the current study in both batch and fixed bed adsorption. The overall
lead concentration in the wastewater from the paint industry was 6.215 mg/L at Kokeb Paint
Factory. FTIR, XRD, and SEM were used to characterize the surface functional groups, the
crystallinity of adsorbents, and the surface morphology of KIC adsorbents. Batch adsorption tests
were carried out to identify the appropriate adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and
adsorption thermodynamics. The parameters that significantly influence the batch adsorption
were (pH, initial feed concentration, and temperature). The Langmuir equilibrium isotherm
provide the best fit for the experimental data, with a correlation coefficient of 0.903. Pseudo
second order is the kinetics model that best fits the current lead ions adsorption system, with a
correlation coefficient of 0.999. Pb (II) ion adsorption on KIC adsorbent was spontaneous at lower
temperatures as compared with the higher temperature. The parameters that significantly
influence the fixed-bed adsorption performance were (pH, flow rate, and initial feed
concentration). The maximum fixed bed adsorption (a lead ion removal of 90.937%) was found to
be at initial pH of 7.638, a flow rate of 3.304 ml/min, and an initial ion concentration of 478.234
mgL
-1
, with an adsorption capacity of 40.93 mg/g. The KIC adsorbent has a breakthrough time of
14 minutes and an exhaustion time of 49 minutes. The R
2
values of the Yoon Nelson models are
higher than those of the Thomas and Adams-Bohart breakthrough curves model. Thus, the YoonNelson models are the models that best fit the current lead ions adsorption system,with a
correlation coefficient of 0.982. The lead-contaminated effluents from the Kokeb paint industry
were treated using fixed bed adsorption. For the first four minutes, there was a very high
adsorption efficiency of 98.5%. Hence, the removal of lead pollutants from wastewater via
adsorption using kaolin intercalated with chitosan can be considered as a viable process.
Keywords: KIC adsorbent, batch adsorption, fixed bed adsorption, Pb (II) ion, breakthrough
curve