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| dc.contributor.author | DANIEL, BERHANE MARU | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-02-01T10:24:15Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-02-01T10:24:15Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-07 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15593 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Sunflower (Helianthus annulus L.) is grown on more than 21 million hectares around the world. It is used in the production of edible oils, and its byproduct is known as sunflower seed cake. Sunflower seed cake is a very important part of the farm animal feeds when the feed products are safe from infectious and non-infectious hazards. The infectious hazard comes from mold and mycotoxin contamination in the field during growing, harvest, processing, and storage. Mycotoxins are a group of secondary toxic metabolites of some strains of filamentous micro fungi, and the main mycotoxins are total aflatoxins (AFT), Ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and fumonisins (FUM). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidences and levels of mycotoxins in sunflower seed cake samples collected from oil millers and animal feed processors after being surveyed in Bahir Dar and nearby towns, and to identify sunflower seed cake storage techniques suitable for prevention of mold growth and mycotoxin contamination. The samples of sunflower seed cakes (N = 20) were collected from Hamusit, Woreta, Bahir Dar, and Injibara. For a controlled laboratory experiment, sunflower seed cake was prepared by a mechanical pressing machine to remove the oil from the sunflower seed, which was collected from the Bahir Dar local market. In addition to this controlled experimental laboratory was used completely randomized design (RCD) to investigate the effect of three storage bag types on the quantification of mycotoxins after three months of storage. These storage bags were hermetic bags (PICS and Grain Pro bags) and woven polypropylene bags (PPB), each replicated three times. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test and correlation analysis were performed for data analysis at a 5% significance level. In this study results were reported in two separate parts: the survey and the controlled laboratory experiment. In the survey samples, the incidence of both AFT and OTA was 100%, and for FUM and DON, it was 19.1% and 47.6%, respectively. Levels in positive samples ranged from9–66ppb, 5-75ppb, 0.1–0.9ppm, and 0.1–0.25ppm for AFT, OTA, FUM, and DON, respectively. In addition to there was no significant difference between oil millers who use differential and without an installed differential in the AFT and OTA, But OTA and water activity were significance difference in different study locations. Besides the controlled storage experiment, sunflower seed cake stored in the PPB for three months showed higher OTA, but AFT level in the three storage bags were higher, and increased mold count than baseline levels. Sunflower seed cakes in the PICS and Grain Pro bags did not show significant changes in all the tested parameters except mold and OTA level over the three months storage. In hermetic bags (PICS and Grain Pro bags), mold and mycotoxin were less exposed after three months storage period of sunflower seed cake than woven polypropylene bag (PPB). Key Words: Mycotoxins, sunflower seed cake, storage, mold, hermetic bags and polypropylene bag | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.title | OCCURRENCE OF MYCOTOXINS IN SUNFLOWER SEED CAKE COLLECTED FROM BAHIR DAR AND NEARBY TOWNS | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
