The effect of microwave-assisted alkaline (MWA)pretreatments and acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic Wheat Straw were investigated. Pretreatment is a major step for the efficient and effective biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel. Microwave-assisted alkali (MWA) pretreatment is one of the promising techniques used in the bioconversion of biomass into useful energy product. In the recent years, bioethanol derived from lignocelluloses biomass as an alternative to the conventional fuels is becoming a focus of many researchers. In this study, Wheat Straw (WS) is used as a feedstock for the production of total reducing sugars via Microwave assisted alkaline (MWA) pretreatment and acid hydrolysis process. Specifically, the focus is mainly on the investigation of the effect of Microwave assisted alkaline (MWA) pretreatment on the yield of total reducing sugar from Wheat Straw (WS) biomass using (3.5% NaOH) sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Alkali concentration, pretreatment temperature are fixed while the pretreatment time were varied in conventional alkali pretreatment. On the other hand, Microwave Power and time were varied in the Microwave assisted alkaline (MWA) pretreatment experiments. Following the pretreatment, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of Wheat Straw was carried out for the comparison of total reducing sugar yields. The raw and pretreated Wheat Straw were characterized for their composition using NREL and ASTM protocols. The pretreated Wheat Straw was estimated for its reducing sugar yield via dilute acid hydrolysis (at 2.5% concentration) at a temperature of 121 o C and contact time of 1hr using DNS method. It is found that, the raw Wheat Straw has a composition of 40.9% cellulose, 26.2% hemicelluloses, and 17% Lignin. A maximum lignin removal is 72.94% and cellulose recovery of 79.31% were achieved with microwave assisted alkali (MWA) pretreatment at 700W and time of 25minute. And also in alkali pretreatment lignin removal 58.88%, cellulose recovery 73.13% and time of 60 minute. The maximum reducing sugar of 495.01 mg/g was experiential for sample pretreated with Microwave assisted alkali (MWA) at 700W and 25minute interaction time compared to 441.00 mg/g for alkali pretreated operated 100 o C and 60 minute using dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Keywords: Agricultural waste; wheat straw; lignocelluloses biomass; Microwave Irradiation power, Pretreatment, Total reducing sugar.