Background School aged children in war affected area who are directly or indirectly exposed to war experience a variety of emotional and behavioral disturbance.This emotional and behavioral disturbance have been a heavy burden on family and society.However, there is no published research about children's behavioural and emotional well-being of school aged children in war affected area in Ethiopia. Objective:-To assess prevalence and associated factors of emotional and behavioral disturbance among school aged children in war affected area, Lay Gaynt Town ,South Gondar Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia ,2022. Method;-Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 876 school aged children in war affected area, Lay Gaynt Town, South Gondar Zone from May25/ 2022 to June23/ 2022. Emotional and behavioral disturbance was assessed by using parent version of Strengths and Difficulties Amharic version Questionnaire with cut-off score of ≥14. Multistage sampling technique was employed. A bivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify candidate variables for final model (multiple logistic regressions) at p- value < 0.2. Finally the independent variable which had significant association with emotion and behavioral disturbance was identified by using multivariable analysis .The cut point to declare the presence of association between dependent and independent variable was p-value<0.05. Result:-The prevalence of emotional and behavioral disturbance among school aged children living in Lay Gaynt Town, war affected area was 36.7% (95%CI, 34.63-43.47). Low family size (AOR= 1.36, 95%CI: 1.231- 1.844), witnessing of people being shot or killed (AOR= 2.31, 95%CI: 1.365- 3.917) , Both parental lose (AOR= 3.48, 95%CI: 1.810- 6.704) and care giver mental distress (AOR= 2.29, 95%CI: 1.597- 3.295) were significantly associated with emotional and behavioral disturbance. Conclusion:-prevalence of emotional and behavioral disturbance among school aged children in war affected area was high. Caregiver mental distress, low family size, parental lose and witnessing dead person were significantly associated with emotional and behavioral disturbance Key words:-Emotionaland behavioral disturbance, School aged children, War, Ethiopia Acronyms and abbreviations