Abstract:
In the 21st century, developing countries are still struggling with unreliable power
systems that are not smart and automated. Many researchers show that reliability of the
power system can be improved by using distribution automation technologies since the
distribution system accounts for more than 80% of the unreliability of the entire power
system. This unreliability has an economic impact on both the power system utility and
its customers. Utilities are losing money because of unsold power to customers as a result
of long-term power outages and equipment damages. This also affects operation and
production of industrial, commercial, and residential customers. This research aims to
improve reliability of the distribution system by designing and simulating a supervisory
control and data acquisition (SCADA) system on Bahir Dar city distribution feeder
known as R6-G2. This feeder has about 82 distribution transformers that are connected to
industrial, commercial, and residential customers with about 1362 installed power meters.
The yearly interruption data of this feeder, having a closing and opening date and time
information, is collected from Ethiopian electric utility, Bahir Dar district, for reliability
assessment of the existing distribution feeder using standard reliability indices. Results of
these reliability indices are compared with reliability indices of the automated system
simulated in MATLAB. This distribution feeder is modeled in MATLAB Simulink based
on parameters collected from the distribution authority. Current and voltage sensors are
placed on both the primary and secondary sides of all distribution transformers to monitor
the status of the feeder on the SCADA system designed using Java programming
language. This human machine interface (HMI) is connected to MATLAB Simulink
using a serial communication protocol to send and receive sensor and actuator data.
Circuit breakers are also added to the Simulink model to give remote access for system
operators to isolate and reconnect sections of the feeder when a fault condition is
detected. The SCADA system gives summarized fault and status reports in addition to
real-time monitoring of the feeder with color-coded status indicators and alarming
signals. It also gives geographical location of distribution transformers on mobile phones
of field operators. Based on results gained from the simulation, new reliability indices are
calculated and compared with reliability indices of the existing system (the base case).
The system average interruption duration index (SAIDI) of the feeder has improved from
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158:28 hours per customer per year to 61:16 hours per customer per year. The customer
average interruption duration index (CAIDI) of the feeder is also improved, from 01:03
hours per interruption to 00:24 hours per interruption. The average service availability
index (ASAI) of the feeder has also improved from 98.19% to 99.30%. This is a 97 hours
improvement on the hours of service delivered to the customer in the year 2021.
Keywords: SCADA system; distribution automation; feeder reliability; GPS-location;
real-time monitoring; Java HMI; condition monitoring.