In the present study, an attempt has been made to compare health related physical fitness components namely muscular endurance, body composition, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility between female students belonging to rural and urban set-ups. The study was carried out on 200 female students, the data collected through fitness test from 100 rural and 100 urban students who were selected through simple random sampling techniques of Lalibela Woreda secondary schools in north wollo zone. The data was collected by use of measurements of muscular endurance/one minute push-up test/, body composition /BMI/ test, cardio vascular endurance /1.5 mile run test/ and flexibility /sit and rich/ test used .The data were analyzed and compared with the help of statistical procedures in which arithmetic mean, standard deviation (S. D), standard error of mean (SEM), t- test were employed. Rural female students were found to be superior in muscular endurance and cardiovascular endurance. Urban female students were found to be superior in body composition and flexibility. Key words- health related Physical Fitness, Rural, and Urban, cardio vascular endurance, muscular endurance, Flexibility and body composition.