The main purpose of this study was investigating the cross sectional relationship of anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness qualities and sprinting performance in the case of Ethiopian youth sport academy male sprinters. The study applied quantitative research approach and employ correlational design to attain the intended objectives.in this study 35 sprinters from Ethiopian youth sport academy two campuses (Addis Ababa and Assela) were involved comprehensively. Descriptive statistics (Mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multivariate regression) analysis were undertaken to analyze and predict which factor predicts sprinting performance from in dependent variables dimensions at the data at the 5% level of significance. The result has shown positive significant relationship between weight and standing long jump (r=0.352*), significantnegative relationship between height and 1RM test (r=-0.294*), significant negative relationship between leg length and 1RM test (r=-0.308*), significant negative relationship between body fat percentage and standing long jump(r=-0.367*). All anthropometric characteristicshave no significant relationship with speed, body fat percentage has no significant relationship with 1RM test, weight has no significant relationship with 1RM test, height has no relationship with standing long jump, and leg length has no relationship with standing long jump. alsohas negative significant relationship between body fat percentage and sprinting performance, all anthropometric characteristics has no significant relationship with sprinting performance except BF%. And also has positive significant relationship between speed and sprinting performance, has negative significant relationships between 1RM and sprinting performance and has negative significant relationships between standing long jump and sprinting performance. Finally Multivariate regression test revealed that the physical fitness qualitiesspeed positively predicted sprinting performance and the physical fitness qualities (1RM and standing long jump)negatively predicted sprinting performance.