Background: Anemia is the most common hematological abnormalities in HIV patients and it is a wide spread public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that over 2 billion people are anemic worldwide with more than 100 million of these anemic children living in Africa. In Ethiopia, there is limited information about the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among HIV positive children. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess magnitude of anemia and associated risk factors among retroviral infected children in Felege Hiwot comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted using chart review of HIV-infected children from May 31/2020 August 31/2020. Two hundred one RVI children were included in the study and check list was used to collect the data by revising the charts. The collected data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. Crude and adjusted odd ratio with 95% CI was calculated to determine the strength of association between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in all of the analyses. Result: Among 201 study participants 112 (55.22%) of children were having anemia and 3.5% were having severe anemia 18.9% moderate anemia and 33.3% were having mild anemia.53.7% were below 5years old and 51.2% were males.72.1% were from urban and 66.7% of study participants both parents were alive. Advanced stage of disease had 4.3 times odds of anemia compared to first or 2nd WHO stage of disease. (AOR 4.34 (95% CI (1.21-4.56).This is may be due to high risk of opportunistic infections. Conclusions: In this study the majority of HIV positive children had anemia112/201 (55.2%) at initial RVI diagnosis and from anemic children 3.5% were having severe anemia 18.9% moderate anemia and 33.3% were having mild anemia. The increase in prevalence of anemia in this study was due to advanced stage of disease. Key words: Anemia, RVI infected children, associated factors, Ethiopia