Abstract:
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infections are two
major public health problems of the world. TB is the leading killer among people a common
condition in infected with HIV. The government of Ethiopian has adapted and employed different
strategies to reduce TB incidence among people living with HIV, TB free survival of HIV infected
individual after ART initiated is not well researched.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess time to develop active TB and its predictors following
antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among HIV patients in South Gondar Zone.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a checklist to gather data from 538
randomly selected adult HIV positive individual on ART. The data extraction format was
developed from the standardized ART entry and follow up forms that currently used by the ART
clinics. Data was cleared and entered into Epi-data version 3.0 and exported to STATA version
14.1 for further statistical analysis. TB free Survival estimates was calculated using Kaplan Meier
product limit estimator method and comparisons were done using log rank test. Bi-variable and
multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore significant variables.
Results: A total of 538 patients were followed and produced 2021.983 Person-Years (PY) of
observation. The overall TB free survival probability was 0.86 at one years and 0.79 at five years.
It is found that there is a difference in TB free survival experience between categories of covariates.
A total of 108 active TB cases were observed during the follow up period. Hence, the incidence
density rate in this cohort was found to be 5.3 per 100 PY (95% CI: 4.4-6.4). Being in ambulatory
functional status (AHR=2.39 95% CI: 1.07-5.32), WHO clinical stage III (AHR=5.58 95% CI:
1.81-17.18), stage IV (AHR=5.52 95% CI: 1.55-19.61), CD4 count between 101-200cell/µl
(AHR=2.87 95% CI: 1.02-8.10) and poor ART treatment adherence (AHR=3.81 95% CI: 1.63-
8.94) were predictors of TB occurrence after initiation of ART.
Conclusions: Incidence of TB among PLHIV after ART initiation was lower compared to
previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. While high TB incidence were observed in the first year
of ART follow up period and among patients having advanced disease stage. As a rule intensified
screening is highly recommended during ART treatment follow up for those who have advanced
disease stage. Strengthen ongoing adherence and positive living counseling also recommended.
Keywords: Survival to develop TB, after ART initiation, people with HIV, South Gondar Zone