Abstract:
Introduction: Worldwide, stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. In Ethiopia, stroke is one of the diseases in the top five which causes death. In Felege hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, for the last four years stroke has been the leading cause of hospital admission and death. From previous studies some of the modifiable factors like hypertension, heart disease reported as the cause of early mortality among stroke patients. However, the effect of behavioral factors on time to death among stroke patients did not addressed which is include in the current study.
Objective: To assess the time to death and its predictors among stroke patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialised Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia
Methods: An institution based retrospective follow-up study was conducted at Flege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital from January 2019 – November 2020. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 435 study participants. Data abstraction sheet was used, which is adopted from different literatures. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed in STATA version 14 software. Mortality rate of stroke and median time to death was estimated. During bivariate analysis, P value < 0.2 was used as a cutoff point for including predictors in the multivariable model. Numerical and graphical tests was used to check proportional hazard assumption. If one of the tests violated the assumption, Frailty model would be used for the analysis. Lognormal Frailty model was used for the analysis. In multivariable analysis, variables with p-value <0.05 declared as predictor of time to death in stroke patients.
Result: Mortality rate of admitted stroke patients was 22% and median time to death was 19 days. The total individual person time was 2,392 person-day. Hemorrhagic stroke [AHR 1.8 (95% CI, 1.02-3.3)], Glasgow coma scale < 8 [AHR 4.8 (95% CI, 2.35-9.83)], aspirated pneumonia [AHR 3.47 (95% CI, 1.97-6.13)] and increased intracranial pressure [AHR 2.3 (95% CI, 1.34-4.94)] were statistically significance predictors of time to death among admitted stroke patients.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The cumulative incidence rate among stroke patients was 22%. The mortality rate of stroke is higher than previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Early identification and management of stroke and stroke related complication should be done.
Key words: Mortality, Predictor, Stroke, Time to death