Acacia decurrens have multiple purposes in rural Ethiopia, through providing significant economic and ecological benefits in different areas of Amhara region in general and Awi Zone, Fagita Lekoma Woreda in particular. Acacia decurrens plantation highly changes the livelihood strategies of households in many ways in the study area. The aim this thesis is therefore, to explore the role of acacia decurrens plantation in changing households’ livelihood strategy in the study area. The researcher implements qualitative research methodology in general and data collection methods such as key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observational methods with technical tools like interview schedule, observational checklist, and probing questions to dig out the trustworthy data. The participants of the study were selected based on purposive sampling techniques based on their potential to generate data about the roles of Acacia decurrens plantation. The researcher tried to answers four basic questions which are correlated with the main objective of the research and data is analyzed and presented thematically.Firstly what are the reasons behind households changes their livelihood strategies from agriculture to Acacia decurrens plantation?, Secondly, the role of Acacia decurrens plantation in improving the income of households?, Thirdly, how Acacia decurrens plantations changed the socio-cultural life of households?, and lastly what is the outlooks of the community about Acacia decurrens plantation since it became livelihood strategies for households?. The study found that the reason for changing of households livelihood strategy from farming to acacia decurrens plantation are pushes from local government officials and the attractiveness of acacia decurrens plantation in changing socio-cultural and economic life of households in multi-dimensionally who have practiced acacia decurrens plantation firstly. Acacia decurrens plantation brings positive improvements on income of households of farmers, brokers, charcoal producers, and laborers of all healthy age groups in both sexes. Acacia decurrens plantation brings huge change on the socio-cultural life of households such as housing style, change in assets, change in eating habits, dressing style, in spiritual celebration, working culture and to develop local social institutions, and the whole communities under the study area have a positive outlook to adaptation of Acacia decurrens plantation as households’ livelihood strategy. Key words: Acacia decurrens, Livelihood, Change, Households, Fagita Lekoma. vii