Abstract:
Industries and manufacturing sectors consume a major portion of the total heat energy as a process heat and pharmaceutical industry is one of the industries which consume
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considerable amount of heat for drying purposes. Epharm uses the conventional source for process heating where feed water from condensate from the air heater is collected in a feed water tank at an average temperature of 60oC. A steam leaves the boiler at about 165oC at a flow rate of 2000 kg/hr. and distributed to different application points, of which 188 kg/ hr. of steam at a temperature of 135 oC and pressure of 3.15 bar is supplied to the air heater of the fluidized bed drier (FBD-250) which in turn will dry the moist product.
The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide the steam required for the fluidized bed drier using a parabolic trough solar steam generator in which the conventional system is to be isolated and be used as a standby for summer seasons in times of low solar irradiation. A 22 years meteorological data from NASA records were used for the design purpose. The estimated cost of investment cost, the unit solar energy cost, the payback period of the solar system and the GHG and heat emission reductions were calculated. In the design of the solar parabolic trough collector for the supply of 188 kg/hr. of steam at a pressure of 3.2 bar to the FBD-250 machine, it was calculated that a parabolic through solar collectors of aperture width of 2.3 m and length of 18 m with a focal length of 0.673 m is required to substitute the conventional system. The capital investment and the twenty years operational cost were estimated around 940 and 94 thousand Birr respectively. This gave a life time cost of around 1.52 million Birr and the life cycle cost saving of about 2 million Birr. The unit price of solar thermal energy was also calculated to be 0.041 Birr/ kWh with the payback period of 2.48 years. In addition to its economic benefits, the environmental aspect has also been analyzed and resulted in a reduction of 144.2 tons of GHG emissions and saving of 74,400 kW of heat annually. Generally, it is observed that the unit cost of the solar energy of 0.041 Birr/kWh is by far less than the current unit cost of electricity for industrial use (0.928 Birr/ kWh) in Ethiopia, which implies the steam generation using the solar parabolic collector is a viable alternative to generation using electricity and fossil fuel (furnace oil).