This thesis aims to investigate the microwave-assisted alkaline pretreatment and acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for the production of reducing sugar. Pretreatment is the main step for reducing the lignin part of the biomass which is recalcitrant to microbial action in the downstream process. Moreover, it increases the non-crystallinity and porosity of cellulose content of the biomass that facilitates the hydrolysis process. In this research sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is used as a feedstock for the production of reducing sugars through microwave-assisted alkaline pretreatment and acid hydrolysis process. The pretreatment was conducted under varying the microwave power (80 -watt,240-watt,400-watt), alkaline concentration (2% w/v,4%w/v,6% w/v) and contact time (15 min,25 min,35 min). Subsequently, the acid hydrolysis was carried out on microwave-assisted and conventional pretreated sugarcane bagasse for the production of total reducing sugar. The compositional characterization of both raw and pretreated sugarcane bagasse was done via American standard testing material(ASTM) and national renewable energy laboratory(NREL) protocols. And, the total reducing sugar yield was determined by the dinitroclysalic acid( DNSA) method. The compositional content of raw sugarcane bagasse is found to be 22.44% of lignin, 39.2 % of hemicellulose, and 36.3% of cellulose. The lignin removal efficiency of microwave-assisted and conventional alkaline pretreatment respectively was 34.9±0.51-75.4±0.26% and 31.8±0.05-71.7±0.03%. This lignin removal was conducted under microwave power of 80-400-watt, an alkaline concentration of 2-6%(w/v), and contact time of 15-35 min, with a corresponding lignin content of 14.6-5.5 %, and 15.3-6.4%. A cellulose recovery efficiency of 57.2-80.5 % for the case of microwave-assisted pretreatment and 53.1-75.3 % for conventional pretreatment was observed. The yield of total reducing sugar yield was 486.6±2.5-832.6±0.8mg/gm and 472.9±0.32-770±1.3 mg/gm for microwave-assisted and conventional aided alkaline pretreatment via dilute acid hydrolysis process. And inline, the maximal improvement of dilignificaion,cellulose recovery and reducing sugar yield was 1.05, 1.07 and 1.08 times of conventional method respectively.Overall, the removal of lignin and increment of total reducing sugar yield was enhanced with the application of microwave-assisted alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. The results are statistically significant (p<0.5) between the two pretreatment methods.