Abstract:
Post-harvest losses of maize have been estimated to be more than 16%. Drying of maize using the appropriate dryer and condition to the optimum storage moisture content minimizes the postharvest loss. It has been reported that drying of threshed maize using a solar bubble dryer increases the drying rate and minimizes the adverse effects of unpredictable weather conditions on the crops during the drying stage. However, knowledge on the drying characteristics of maize cob using solar dryer is still lacking. The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of solar bubble dryer for the drying of maize cob. The performance was tested at a sample load of 750kg of maize cob and maize grain with two varieties of maize (BH-561 and BH-660). During the drying period, drying air relative humidity, drying air temperature, drying air flow rates, solar radiation and drying rate were measured continuously in different positions of the solar bubble dryer. The result on the performance of the solar bubble dryer was compared with open sun drying of maize cob. The drying performance of solar bubble dryer for maize cob drying was compared to maize grain drying. The experimental data were fitted to twelve different thin layer drying models and the goodness of fit for each model was evaluated using R2, sum square error, and root mean square error. The drying time for drying of maize cob from initial moisture content to 13.4% (wet basis) in SBD and open sun drying was 44 and 54 hours, respectively. Whereas, for maize grain drying in SBD and open sun drying the drying time was 26 and 30 hours. The hourly moisture removal rate for maize cob and maize grain drying (variety BH-561) in SBD was found 0.26 and 0.3 % while, during open sun drying it was 0.22 and 0.25%, respectively. The drying efficiency was found 35 and 32.7% for BH-561 and BH-660 maize cob drying in SBD, respectively, while it was 45 and 44.3% for maize grain drying in SBD. The geometry of variety BH-660 was higher than BH-561 and this causes the drying efficiency of BH-561 was more efficient than BH-660. Additionally, the geometry of maize cob drying was higher than maize grain, and this difference makes a difference in drying efficiency of solar bubble dryer. The performance of SBD for maize cob and maize grain drying was better as compared to open sun drying while, the performance of SBD for maize grain is better as compared to maize cob drying.