Abstract:
The occurrence of large rainfall events during critical periods of cropland preparation can frequently cause extensive soil loss. For this critical problem, soil amendments are a solution to prevent disturbed soils from soil erosion through different inorganic amendments like gypsum (G), lime (L), anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), and the mixture of PAM and lime (PAM+L). Numerous studies were done on soil amendments at field level in Ethiopia. However, its impact has not been tested and investigated using Rainfall simulator in Ethiopian soils. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different soil amendments on moisture retention, runoff, and soil loss from luvisols using simulated rainfall. This disturbed luvisol was sampled at Abagerima watershed and transported to the experiment site for conducting the experiment using a rainfall simulator which is found in Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Campus; northwest Ethiopia. The study was conducted in two slope gradients: - (7% and 15%) and several treatments such as PAM (40 kg/ha), G (4 t/ha), L (2 ton/ha), and PAM+L (40 kg/ha + 2 t/ha) and control without amendment on 2mm sieved particle size distribution for six consecutive rainfall storms. The runoff data were collected every 10-minute interval. At both slope gradients G, L, PAM and PAM+L treated soils reduced runoff compared with the control. Total soil loss through a series of simulated rainfall events at both slopes was reduced significantly from PAM, PAM+L, G, and L compared to the control. G, L, PAM, and PAM+L treated soils increase infiltration (IR) on both slopes compared with the untreated soil. Gypsum was best in moisture conserving while PAM+L was best in both soil loss reduction and runoff control at both slope gradients compared with other amendments. Generally, all treatments are a cost-effective approach to protect the soil from erosion during farm preparation to crops particularly for disturbed soils on steep slopes. Moreover, combined application of PAM with L could offer a good option to both reduce soil erosion and improve productivity especially in acidic soils like luvisols, which requires further field verification.
Keywords: Gypsum; Lime; Soil erosion; Soil conservation; Polyacrylamide.