his study was designed to characterize phenotypic features and breeding practices of Arsi-Bale indigenous goat population in its home tract under on farm condition. For administration of semi structured questionnaire and phenotypic characterization, a total < of 200 households and 409 animals, respectively were selected. Sixteen Qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were measured on Arsi-Bale goat under field conditions in two agro ecological zones (highland and lowland) considered with sex and age group factors ranged in age of OPP] up to 5PP!. Data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaire, focus group' discussions and field observations. Phenotypic characterization was made by linear body measurements of the sample populations. The average goat flock size (26.7%) owned per household of lowland agro ecology was significantly (P<0.001) higher than highland (10.5%). The major feed resources were crop residues, tree leaves, natural pasture, shrub and bush. Major source of water for their goats were rivers, springs and natural ponds. They used corral goat housing system and they practiced uncontrolled mating system. The major production constraints were feed shortage, water shortage, predators, drought and disease. Main prevalent diseases were Anthrax, Pasteurellosis, (Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP), peste des petitis ruminants (PPR) and parasite. The major breeding objective of keeping goats was for source of cash income, milk production, saving value and wealth. The selection criteria was based on milk production, meat production, hair production, drought tolerance, coat colour and disease resistance. The overall average age at first mating in females was 7.9 ± 0.07 and 8.5 ± 0.06 months in males. Age at first kidding, kidding interval, reproductive life span and kids born per breeding of female were 14.2 ± 0.07 months, 7.4 ± 0.05 months, 11.3 ± 0.01 years and 1. 1±0. 03 kids, respectively. Average milk yield per day and lactation length were O.9±0. 07 litter and 2.9±0.12 months. Plain, patchy and spotted body hair coat colour pattern were recorded 55.5%, 25.9% and 18.6% respectively. Black 16. 9%, white 13.9%, red brown 12.0%, black with patchy 9.8%, white with spotted 9.5%, black with spotted 7.8% and grey 7.3% were the common coat colour observed. The entire highland area goat had. wavy and glossy long hair with nearly all -- kg, respectively. However, the value of lowland goal in majority morphometric trails were 1i significantly higher than the highland ~'oat (p<O.OOOJ)..Generally, this result concluded indigenous goat population of the study areas was not homogenous on their phenotypic features, body weight and other linear measurements descriptions and some production objectives. Then again, the lowland areas goat showed their ability to thrive well and their ( potential for milk and meat production whereas the highland goat showed ability to produce high hair production under the prevailing harsh environmental conditions. These all imply that the former Arsi-Bale goat classification can be re-grouped into Arsi-Bale Highland and Arsi-Bale Lowland goat populations. However, further genotypic characterization, on-station production and reproduction performances evolution could be accolade for better output.