Understanding soil properties of a given sites is important requirement to design optimum and sustainable management strategies such as nutrient and irrigation water management as well as it gives detail and adequate information for further studies. This study was conducted in four research sites of BDU at Koga Irrigation Scheme, northwestern Ethiopia, to make detail study of morphological and physicochemical properties and investigate the types of soils of the areas. First reconnaissance survey and an extensive auger observation (120 points) of the research sites were made. Nine representative profiles of 2 x 2 x 1 m were excavated in all the sites and the profiles were described insitu. A total of 54 soil samples were collected and analyzed for macro and micro-nutrients status, organic carbon, pH, and soil texture. The soils in all sites were very deep (>150 cm), have well-developed structure and Bt subsurface (argic) horizons indicating the occurrence of clay translocation within the profiles. Moist surface soil color ranged from brown (7.5YR4/3) to very dark reddish brown (2.5YR2/3) with textural classes varying from heavy clay to clay. The structure varied from angular blocky to granular and subangular blocky in surface soils. Bulk density and total porosity of surface soil of the profile ranged from 1.04 to 1.27 g cm-3 and 53% to 66%, respectively. The soils in all sites had pH (H2O) of less than 5.9 ranging from strongly acidic (4.5-5.2) to moderately acidic (5.3 – 5.9) and low base saturation (< 40%). Generally, the soils contained medium organic carbon (1.5-2.5%) and low to medium total nitrogen (0.2-0.25%) at the surface and low at the subsurface horizons. The cation exchange capacity ranged from medium to high (12-25 to 25-40 cmolckg-1). In all sites, Cu was deficient throughout the profiles, whereas Fe, Zn and Mn were high in the surface and in subsurface horizons. The soils were classified in to three soil map units such as Luvic-Nitisols (site 1, 3 and 4), dystric Nitic-Luvisols (site 1 and 2), Cambic-Nitisol (site 2 and 4). The varying properties, fertility status and types of soils identified in the study areas provided adequate information to design soil management options and for further research.