The objective of this study was to find out the effect of calisthenics exercise on some selected physical fitness qualities and shooting performance at Gebezemariam male handball team players. To achieve the objective of the present study, quantitative research approach and experimental research design were employed. The total subject for the study were twenty-six (n =26) male handball players of Gebezemariam handball team players. They participate in the team actively and frequently in 2013E.C competition season. The study populations were little; all are taken as a sample by using comprehensive sampling technique. All players with the age of (EG=20, 08 ±2.842 CG =21.46± 2.933) were randomly segregated into two groups, an experimental group (n=13) and a control group (n=13). Both the experimental group (EG, n = 13) and control group (CG, n = 13) participated in the regular handball training, but only EG performed additional calisthenics exercise for 12 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, each lasting 50 to 60 minutes. The data were collected through field test of physical fitness qualities and shooting performance on two occasions first before administration of calisthenics exercise as pre-test second after twelve weeks of the calisthenics exercise as post-test. The data collected from the participants of the study were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software by paired t-test with level of significant 0.05. The results showed that calisthenics exercise significantly improved muscular endurance, muscular strength, Explosive power, coordination and shooting performance at (p<0.05). Similarly, 30m sprint time was significantly reduced (p<0.05).But no significant differences were found in all of the variables in CG (p>0.05). Based on the result, it can be concluded that twelve-week calisthenics exercise has a positive effect on improvement of physical fitness variables and shooting performance of handball players. Therefore, this type of training method is suggested to handball players and coaches for improving physical fitness components