Abstract:
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is widely grown and staple food with versatile utilization and consumption in Lasta district, while information related to genetic variability and association of traits in bread wheat is insufficient. This study was initiated with the objectives to assess the extent and nature of genetic variability, heritability and traits association in 81 bread wheat genotypes for 15 quantitative traits using 9x9 simple lattice designs in Lasta district on farmers’ field in 2019 main cropping season. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed presence of highly significant differences among genotypes for days to heading and maturity, grain filling period, plant height, spike length, number of kernels per spike, number of spikelets per spike, thousand seed weight, biological yield, protein content, hectoliter weight and grain yield. Moderate genotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean was obtained for biomass and grain yield. Biomass and harvest index had positive and significant correlation with grain yield at genotypic and phenotypic levels; and further exerted high positive direct effect on grain yield at both levels. Principal component analysis showed that the first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than unity accounted 85.28 % of the total variation. Cluster analysis grouped the 81 genotypes in to six distinct clusters. Genetic divergence analysis revealed that maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters III and VI. Generally, presence of variability and association among the genotypes in considered traits were observed. Hence, Selection and hybridization based on the desired traits could be possible for improvement of bread wheat for the study area. For reliable results and recommendation, it is advisable to repeat the experiment at least for one more season over locations.
Keywords: Cluster analysis, Correlation, Genetic variability, Moisture deficit, Path coefficient analysis, Quantitative traits