Livestock sector is playing a vital role in the economies of many developing countries and it has an acknowledged importance in the rural economy apart from providing income to rural people; livestock provides animal protein of high biological value in the form of milk, meat and eggs,a base for industrial raw materials,security against crop failures and financial support in hard times of the farmers. Rural women in Ethiopia represent a huge productive resource in the livestock sector. They were major contributors to the livestock work force. However; labor division, the use of resources and the sharing of the benefits of production between women and men were influenced by gender roles and relationships.Despite limited studies carried out to identify the challenges and opportunities of female headed house hold in livestock production, there were no tangible empirical findings in the selected area, clearly showing the gender dimension of livestock production. The result of this study can be used as inputs information for local economic planners, development workers, agricultural and rural development offices to plan appropriate support to empower women. This study was therefore conducted atsemada woreda by taking three sample kebeles. The research approach of this study was qualitative with case study design. Both primary and secondary data sources were used for the study. Semi structured interview, focus group discussion and observation were data collection instruments. Data were analyzed using thematic data analysis. The findings of this study indicated that female headed house hold farmers in selected kebeles benefited from the presence ofprofessional extension workers and animal health centersin each kebele so as to improve livestock production. Based on the finding female headed house hold in selected area improving livestock production were faced by different challenges. The result showed that; administrative challengesincluding; low decision making power of women and maladministration; economic challenges including lack seed money, credit service institution andlack of grazing land.Limited service provisionin animal health center was also the challenge including; lack of training, poor service delivery of animal health center, lack of education and lack of technological adoption. The other challenge was environmental factor including absence of remarkable marketing system and spread of animal diseases andpersonal factor including women’s labor burden. The study has also shown that possible solution of challenges tolivestock production through training of women and society, building of women’s knowledge, skill and attitude. Alleviate livestockfeeding problem through; increased utilization of crop residues, reducing number of livestock, using modern food and feeding system and theuse of allocating part of their crop land for pasture. Improve service delivery of animal health center through regular access to veterinary care services and access to low cost veterinary medicine.Generally, FHHs farmers gotten a little chance or opportunity to improve the livestock production and having faced different challenges as being female. Based on the research findings of this study the following recommendations were forwarded for GOV and NGO; creating awareness for the community, supporting and monitoring FHHs and facilitating credit services.