Abstract:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 on S. aureus
with the objective of determining prevalence and associated risk factors, bacterial load
and antibiotic profile of some selected antibiotics from ready-to-eat raw beef in Bahir Dar
city. A total of 101 raw beef samples were collected from butcher shops using simple
random sampling method for isolation, microbial load determination and antibiotic
susceptibility test of S. aureus using conventional culture method. Potential risk factors
related to meat contamination were evaluated by using personal observation and
questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics logistic
regression model. Out of 101 raw beef samples, 55 (54.45%) isolates were positive for S.
aureus with mean count of 3.40 ± 0.63 (log10cfu/g). The potential contamination risk
factors were worker’s inadequate food safety training (P = 0.011, COR=15), low
knowledge level of foodborne diseases (AOR=15.87, P=0.009), poor attitudes to the
necessity of workers medical evaluation before employment (AOR=5.18, P=0.022) and
poor washing practice of working clothes (AOR= 98.76, P=0.000). High S. aureus drug
resistance were observed on penicillin (92.73%) followed by cefoxitin (74.5%),
tetracycline (63.63%), clindamycin (50.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.63%),
chloramphenicol (16.36%), erythromycin (12.73%), gentamycin (9.09%) and
ciprofloxacin (0%). Multi-drug resistance was also found in 54 (98%) of S. aureus
isolates. Generally, S. aureus is a major meat contaminant in butcheries of Bahir Dar city
due to inadequate food safety training, low level of hygienic practices and frequent
handling of paper currency. Therefore, improving the food safety knowledge and handling
practice of meat handlers is important to prevent S. aureus foodborne intoxications.
Keywords: Antibiotic; Bahir Dar city; Contamination; Raw beef; Staphylococcus aureus
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
APHI
CFS
Amhara Public Health Institute
Centre for Food Safety
cfu colony forming unit
CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
CSA Central Statistical Agency
DNA Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization
FBD Foodborne disease
H2O2
MDR
Hydrogen Peroxide
Multiple Drug Resistant
MRSA Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MSA Mannitol Salt Agar
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SE Staphylococcal Enterotoxins
SEl
SFI
Staphylococcus Enterotoxin-like
Staphylococcal Foodborne Intoxication
SFD Staphylococcal