Abstract:
objectives of assessing farmers’ utilization practice, yield and chemical composition of selected improved forages grown in area closures of farta district, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. For this study questionnaire survey, group discussion, personal communication, field measurement and laboratory analysis were done. Purposive sampling was used to select sample kebele and sample area closures based on availability of improved forages and simple random sampling was used to select sample households. Accordingly, data was collected from 100 respondent farmers at six area closures from two representative kebele in both highland and midland agro ecologies of the district. Elephant grass, Sesbania sesban and Tree Lucerne were sample improved forages that were used in the study. The forage sample improved forages were collected from three 1×1m sample places in one area closure. Samples were collected after two months of equal cutting and measured the biomass yield then their chemical composition was determined. The result indicated that about 84.6% and 81% of the respondents face feed shortage during dry season in the highland and midland production system, respectively. Average land holding per household was 1.26±0.08 ha, from this 0.23±0.04ha was allocated for private grazing land. Regarding the management of improved forages about91% and 88% of respondents in highland and midlands did not use any management practice after plantation. In the study district, 96 and 94% in highland and midland respectively used cut and carry system to utilize their improved forages in area closures. Based on respondents, 86% and 89% in highland and midland ranks previous type of free grazing system first major constraint followed by lack and unadoptable forage technologies, lack of awareness and poor extension service for improved forage production. In the study area, 91% and 83% of the respondents in highland and midlands agree on watershed based footage production system supports livestock nutrient requirement as well as community wealth level. The overall estimated biomass DM yield of Sesbania sesban in highland and midland of the study area was 7.8t/ha and 7.64t/ha, Elephant grass 14.28t/ha and 13.84t/ha and Tree Lucerne7.65t/ha and 7.4 t/ha respectively. Laboratory analysis of sample improved forages indicated that, the dry matter (DM) content of all sample forges was from 91% to 92%. The crude protein (CP) content of sample forages was varying from 8.02% in Elephant grass to 25.9% in Sesbania sesban. The ash content of sample forages in the study area was varied from 10.98% in Elephant grass from highland to 4.34% in Tree Lucerne both in highland and midlands respectively. In general improved forages grown in area closures have a roll both for livestock as well as household wealth and there is relatively high biomass yield production in highland than midland study area. However, the management of improved forages in area closures was very poor which needs intervention on management and utilization.
Key words: utilization, DM yield, chemical composition, improved forage