Irrigation development is one of the means to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. It provides a better means for farmers to produce crops during dry seasons. It also improves the welfare of FHHs with increased income and production which is helping them to meet family needs. Their participation improved through time. However, there was a scant research work done on FHHs participation in irrigation agriculture. Hence, the main purpose of this research as to explore the practices and challenges of FHH irrigation users in the case of Koga irrigation project. To achieve the proposed objectives of the study, qualitative approach with a case study design was employed to explore the issue from the perspective of the participant’s point of view. Primary and secondary data sources were utilized. To collect data, semi-structured interview, FGD and key informant interview were used. Pertaining to the study site and participants, purposive sampling technique was employed. The data was extracted from 14 semi-structure interviewees, 7 FGD and 5 key informant participants. The data obtained from the three instruments were analyzed using thematic data analysis technique. Therefore, the results of the study showed that the FHH irrigation users practice in irrigation activities consisted of land preparation, cultivation and harvesting activities. However, plough with oxen, threshing and winnow were the major difficult activities for them. On the other hand, the study revealed that FHH irrigation users practice in irrigation crop production. They cultivated vegetables, cereals and perennial fruits, but mainly they cultivate vegetables. Their cereal crop production is very low because it needs male labor and cultivation of perennial fruits is not accustomed. The finding of the study also indicates that FHH irrigation users had face a number of challenges that included personal challenges, family related challenges, service provision challenges, social challenges, economical challenges, market difficulty and administrative challenge. Based on the above finding we conclude that FHH irrigation users in the study area had practices in irrigation activities, crops produced and faced a number of challenges. To improve their practices and challenges concerned bodies should intervention in integration. Key words: Female Headed Household, irrigation, irrigation user