The main objective of the study was to identify major determinates that influence ~? academic achievement of grade IO female students in South Gondar General Secondary Schools. Accordingly a descriptive survey approach was designed in order to describe th;se institutional and non-institutional factors which hindered academic achievement of grade IO female students. The subjects of the study include sampled schools grade ten female students, teachers, principals, educational experts and parents. From 8656 target population of grade ten female students in the academic year of 2009/10, 433 female students were randomly selected from five General Secondary Schools. I 00 teachers • 1-llere take randomly from a total of population 957. IO parents, 5 principals and one educational officer were taken through purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire and interview were employed as major data collection instruments. The questionnaire was piloted for reliability and validity. The data collected ~ere analyzed and interpreted 'sing percentage and the chi-square statistical techniques. The result showed that in the • Abstract ' . area under study, the academic performance of grade IO female students relatively decrease as compared with their male counter parts. Home environment, economic back ground of the family, absenteeism, home-school distance, sexual harassment, lack of role model female leadership in school management and organization, lack of guidance and counselor, lack of teachers encouragement of females learning had negative influence on the academic achievement of grade I'] 0 female students. Therefore, low academic achievement of grade IO female students is not found in a position to satisfy the quality education demand of students and other stakeholders due to the influence in school and out of school factors. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were suggested for improving lbw academic achievement of female students and for indicating what has to be done focusing on girls' education for conducting further research