Aerosols are tiny mixtures of liquid-solid particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere that play significant roles in human health and climate dynamics, directly, indirectly, and semi-directly. There have been large spatiotemporal variations in the optical properties of aerosols, clouds, precipitation, and radiation due to environmental and meteorological conditions, industrial and agricultural influences, and other human and natural influences in each ecological functional area. This study was conducted on the spatiotemporal variability of aerosols in sixteen selected stations clustered into four regions over East Africa-Ethiopia using satellite-based data that have not yet been studied for periods 2001–2022. This PhD thesis work reports the spatiotemporal variability of aerosol particles and their optical interactions with the cloud parameters and radiation budget over East Africa, with particular interest in Ethiopia. The study covers sixteen selected stations in East Africa-Ethiopia with neighbouring doughters Eritrea, Djibouti, and South Sudan countries clustered into four regions for the periods of 2001–2022 to obtain detailed information on the spatiotemporal behaviours of aerosol particles and their effects on clouds and radiation budget. The aerosol optical parameters, Ångström exponent AET calculated from the aerosol optical depth AOD, cloud top pressure CTP, cloud top temperature CTT, mean cloud fraction MCF, and atmospheric water vapor AWV were extracted from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS satellite data. We collected precipitation PPT data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM, and outgoing long-wave radiation OLR flux is collected using clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System CERES satellites. According to the results, there is a significant variation in the daily AOD and AET, with maximum values most likely occurring between August 11 and September 15 for Aqua and between June 22 and July 24 for both Terra and Aqua in the southeast and northeast clusters. The results range from 0.00 to 2.10 and 0.67 to 1.23. The OLR, CTP, and CTT parameters are out of phase with AOD and increase-decrease swings with AET