The assessment of water quality is crucial for ensuring public health. This study evaluates the predictive power of a risk of contamination (ROC) scoring system on water quality of Bahir Dar and its peri-urban wells. A total of 37 Water samples were collected from wells during the dry and wet seasons between June 2023 to April 2024. Parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, e/conductivity, phosphate, nitrate, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia, chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, and bacterial contamination were analyzed. The ROC scoring system, based on environmental and anthropogenic factors, was evaluated using a statistical regression model. ROC scores ranged from 9% to 82%, reflecting diverse contamination risks. The log E. coli results range from 0 to 2. The findings reveal a strong positive correlation between ROC scores and E. coli levels, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.7281, indicating that 72.8% of the variability in E. coli can be explained by ROC levels. Additionally, the relationship was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, significant temporal variations in water quality parameters were observed among the wells. Most physiochemical parameters were within acceptable limits, including total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), phosphate, chloride, nitrate, and ammonia. Whereas, E. coli levels, 33% of turbidity and 48.1% of pH did not comply with WHO standards. This research enhances understanding of water quality dynamics and suggests that implementing the ROC system could improve public health decision-making and resource allocation, ultimately contributing to better water quality management in similar contexts. Key words: Physicochemical, risk scoring, sanitary inspection, dug wells, water quality, Bahir Dar.