Abstract:
"Extreme precipitation events, resulting from climate change, combined with increased impervious surfaces due to urbanization, enhance the risks of flooding in urban areas. To minimize flooding problems in many Ethiopian cities, such as Bahir Dar, the current urban stormwater management approach, mainly based on a pipe-bound system, is unsustainable in the long term. Therefore, alternative approaches for a more sustainable urban stormwater drainage system (SUDS) are necessary. The general objective of this study is to investigate performance of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to reduce runoff volumes and peak flows during urban flood events using the SWMM5.1 model, GIS tool, and LID control in selected areas of Bahir Dar City. The performance of SWMM5.1 was tested using goodness-of-fit metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.87), the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE = 0.97), and the relative error (RE = 22.6%). An IDF curve was developed, and the simulated results were calibrated and validated using collected rainfall data. Two scenarios (with and without Sustainable Urban Drainage System components) were examined. The simulated results for selected sub-catchments S6, S24, S26, and S28 without SUDS showed a total surface runoff volume and peak discharge of 443.7 x 10³ m³ and 35.26 m³/sec, respectively. After implementing SUDS (bio-retention, infiltration trench, permeable pavement, vegetated swales, and rain barrels), the surface runoff and peak flow reductions were 355.89 x 10³ m³ (24.89%) and 31.88 m³/sec (9.86%) respectively, The results showed that among the SUDS components, bio-retention cells reduced runoff volumes to the greatest extent, while rain barrels performed best in reducing peak flows. The analysis also indicated that bio-retention cells were the most efficient. All the solutions demonstrated substantial performance in reducing runoff during urban flood events, though their reduction capacity diminished with increased precipitation. Therefore, current urban flood management should incorporate and practice green infrastructure in urban land use to substantially minimize flood vulnerability.
Keywords: Bio Retention, Storm Water Management Model, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems, Urbanization