Food insecurity is a growing concern worldwide. Food insecurity exists when households experience highly marginal and extremely low food security. In Africa, food insecurity remains one of the long-standing challenges where Ethiopia is one of the most food affected countries with a large portion of the population has been affected by food insecurity. The purpose of this study was to examine food security status of households and its determinants in Wonji Shoa Sugarcane Plantation. The primary data to the study were 227 labour households at camp seven and eight in the plantation in the study area selected using simple random sampling technique. Data to the study were collected using questionnaire. The data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents were analyzed using frequency count, percentage and mean. Food security status of the households was measured by household calorie intake and the amounts of calorie available to a household were determined using food balance model. Binary logistic regression analysis was also performed to identify determinants of food security status of the households. The result showed that about 57.3% of the labour households were food insecure in the study area. Whereas factors including sex, age, marital status and family size positively associated with food security status of households, occupation and income negatively associated with food security status of households. Given this, consideration should be given to the households’ occupational status and an existing amount of their wage since they are found to minimize and protect food insecurity while giving similar attention to sex, age, marital status and family size as they are found to aggravate food insecurity.