Abstract:
Obstetrics is a medical specialty focused on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care,
ensuring the health of both mother and baby. It involves diagnosing and addressing
fetal anomalies during prenatal care. Fetal anomalies, which include structural and
functional disorders, significantly impact long term health and are major causes of mortality.
This study aimed to address these issues by developing machine learning models
for the detection of fetal abnormalities, using explainable AI techniques to clarify model
decisions, and creating prototypes for remote diagnosis. We employed a mixed methodology
of experimental & design science research, and evaluating twenty one classifiers.
From these, three models Tree classifier, XGB classifier, and LGBM classifier were
selected and optimized. The LGBM classifier, after hyperparameter tuning, achieved
accuracy of 99.53%. To make the models’ decisions transparent, we utilized SHAP and
LIME explainable AI techniques, providing reliable insights into the decision making
process. Following model development, we created a Django based prototype, focusing
on user friendliness and integration into clinical workflows. We conducted usability
evaluation on prototype using the SUMI tool, achieving scores between 65.48% and
73.29%, where the maximum possible score is 76. We also conducted a security evaluation
by defining a threat model and assessing security risks. In conclusion, our evaluation
confirms that the developed models are secure, reliable, and effectively address the
research problem of fetal anomaly detection. This work offers a novel, comprehensive
solution that integrates advanced machine learning with explainable AI and practical
deployment for clinical use.
Keyword: Obstetric, Fetal anomalies, Explainable AI, Abnormalities detection, Prenatal
care, Security evaluation, Usability evaluation, Prototype.