The ionosphere, a critical region of Earth’s upper atmosphere, serves as a fundamental medium for various essential technological applications, including satellite communication, navigation systems, and radio propagation. This layer of ionized particles significantly influences global communication and positioning services. Understanding the intricate regional variations within the ionosphere, particularly in areas such as Ethiopia, is vital for optimizing the performance of these technological systems. This research aims to investigate the specific characteristics of Ethiopia’s ionospheric conditions through a comprehensive analysis of ground-based GPS obser vations. By rigorously examining GPS Total Electron Content (TEC) data from 2013 to 2015, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal fluctuations of TEC, identified anomalies within the ionosphere, and explored the diurnal evolution of this atmospheric layer. The results re vealed substantial diurnal variations in TEC levels, the distinct presence of the Equatorial Ioniza tion Anomaly (EIA), and the observable impact of geomagnetic storms on TEC behavior across Ethiopia. These findings enhance our understanding of the ionosphere’s dynamics in this region and are pivotal for improving the accuracy of ionospheric modeling and forecasting, thereby in creasing the reliability of essential technological services that depend on ionospheric conditions. Additionally, the detailed analysis of daily TEC fluctuations over Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, provided valuable revelations. Notably, elevated TEC values were observed on solstice days, particularly during the December solstice, suggesting a potential correlation with increased solar radiation and the presence of the equatorial ionization anomaly. Furthermore, the geographical proximity of Bahir Dar to the magnetic equator was found to contribute to lower TEC values on specific summer days, highlighting the complex interplay of various factors influencing ionospheric be havior in this region. These significant findings illuminate the nuanced behavior of the ionosphere over Bahir Dar, offering critical information for refining ionospheric models and forecasts, ulti mately fostering a deeper understanding of these variations and their implications for optimizing technological applications reliant on ionospheric conditions.