Abstract:
The study of natural products has had a number of rewards. It has led to the discovery of a
variety of useful drugs for the treatment of diverse ailments. The present study was
phytochemical screening of the major secondary metabolites and evaluating their total phenolic
content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of D. stramonium of seed
coat. Extraction was done successively by maceration of seed coat powder using petroleum
ether, chloroform and methanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening was performed by various
qualitative and quantitative methods. Antibacterial activities of the crude extracts were
determined by the Agar disc diffusion method against gram negative (E. coli and K. pneumonia)
and gram positive (S. aureus and S. pyogenes) bacteria. The findings of phytochemical analysis
showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids, tannins
and terpenoids and absence of glycosides. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content in
methanol extract was highest (68.838mgGAE/g), chloroform extract (66.676mgGAE/g) and
petroleum ether was lowest (56.4054mgGAE/g). The DPPH radical has been widely utilized as a
free radical to determine the decreased substance or antioxidant activity of plant extracts of seed
coat D. stramonium the highest DPPH inhibition zone at concentration of 100ppm (75.25%) was
found by methanol extract whereas the lowest was observed at concentration of 100ppm(35.55)
% the petroleum ether extract. Because the amount of active ingredients found in methanol
extract was higher than petroleum ether extract due to its higher polarity. The lower IC50 value
would represent a higher antioxidant potential. The highest IC50 value (197.53%) was found for
petroleum ether extract whereas the lowest IC50 value (36.76%) was found for methanol extract.
The results of antibacterial assay revealed that extracts of plant seed coat showed inhibitory
activity against the tested bacterial pathogens. Maximum zone of inhibition was record against
S. pyogenes bacteria (15 ± 0.00mm) and minimum inhibition against K. pneumonia bacteria (10
± 0.00). Based on these results it is concluded that seed coat extract of the plant was source
secondary metabolites, which are bioactive.