Abstract:
Termites are ecosystem engineers of tropical and subtropical soils. The knowledge of their
diversity and distribution is important for environmental management. However, there are no
enough scientific documents on the distribution of termites around Yibab kebele in Bahir Dar
Zuria District. Therefore, this study was conducted from February to July 2023 to investigate the
diversity, abundance, and distribution of termite species in Yibab kebele by considering the dry
and wet seasons. A systematic random sampling technique was applied to classify the study site
into habitats such as farmland, protected vegetation, settlement/village, and grassland. The area
of these habitats is 9.55 km2
, 2.83 km2
, 11.28 km2, and 10.82 km2
, respectively. For data
collection, 7, 6, 20, and 19 sampling plots at intervals of 400 m measuring 30 m x 30 m were
established. Data were collected using maize stalks as bait buried in the ground and collection
was done early in the morning and late afternoon when termites are active. A Shannon-Weiner
diversity index was used to evaluate termite diversity. Correspondence analysis was used to
examine the relationship between termite diversity and types of habitats. A total of 17962 termite
individuals belonging to two families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae), three subfamilies
(Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, and Coptotermitinae), and five genera (Macrotermes,
Odontotermes, Microtermes, Amitermes, and Coptotermes) were identified. Macrotermes
followed by Microterme termite individuals were found to be more abundant in the study area.
Genus diversity was the highest in settlement (1.41) and the lowest in farmland (1.20). The
highest and the lowest species evenness were recorded in settlement (0.88) and farmland (0.75)
habitats, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of termites
across the four habitats (2 = 3968.100, df = 3, P< 0.001). Termite populations were
significantly higher during the rainy season. Season and habitat were the main factors for guiding
the distribution and abundance of termites in the study area. Most of the termites in the present
study area tend to prefer protected vegetation habitat type. The present study gives insight in to
concerns that the Yibab Kebele area supports a few families of termites. To provide a full picture
of the termite diversity and species composition, further molecular studies have to be conducted
in the study area.
Keywords: Abundance, Bahir Dar, Diversity, Termites