Abstract:
Access to safe drinking water plays an important role in human life related to health. The
peoples of North Mecha district uses both improved and unimproved drinking water
sources. This study was carried out to assess drinking water quality in terms of
physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the North Mecha district, Amhara
region, Ethiopia. The study includes water quality analyses, sanitary inspection surveys, and socioeconomic assessments of the community. Drinking water samples were
collected from 10/07/2022 to 04/09/2022 and from 23/01/2023 to 15/03/2023 during the
rainy and dry seasons respectively. Samples were tested in both field and laboratory using
the standard method of water examination and results were compared with WHO and
Ethiopian standards. Statistical analysis was done using R version 4.3.0 software. The
result shows that temperature, EC, total and calcium hardness, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, and Ammonia values during both seasons were all within the WHO and Ethiopian
drinking water standards. Whereas pH, turbidity, residual free chlorine, and iron were not
within the standards in some areas. Statistical analysis shows that there was a significant
difference between the medians of turbidity, ammonia, and nitrate across the two seasons. The bacteriological analysis result also shows that 48% (n=80) of the analyzed sample at
the point of collection and 52 % (n= 208) of the analyzed sample at the point of use
during the rainy season and 88% (n=60) of the analyzed sample at PC and 99 % (n= 180)
of the analyzed sample at PU during dry season had detectable levels of E coli. The result
also shows that there was a significant relationship between sanitary score and E coli
result (p value= 0.00196) and the result shows that the risk of microbial contamination (E
coli risk) decreases with the increase of household wealth quantile. Therefore, proper
treatment of the water samples before consumption was recommended. Keywords: water quality, physiochemical, bacteriological, sanitary inspection, E col