Abstract:
In semi-arid regions where rainfall is erratic and insufficient, even during the rainy
season, supplemental irrigation is essential to stabilize and increase crop yield. Therefore,
for the sustainable use of the scarce physical land resources, the evaluation and mapping
of spate irrigation land suitability with its crop water demand are essential. This research
was carried out at the Borkena Watershed in the Amhara Region with the aim of
determining the appropriateness of the land for spate irrigation, agricultural water
demand, and creating an appropriate area map for the study region. The methodology
used to evaluate land suitability for potential spate irrigation is done following the
standard FAO guidelines and different articles for surface & spate irrigation suitability.
The suitability of each factor is first analyzed separately, and finally, overall suitability is
obtained using weighted overlay analysis in a GIS environment. The results obtained
show that 41.56% of soil depth, 98.95% of soil drainage, 17.98% of slope, 99.33% of
land use/ land cover, 59.34% of soil type, 83.13% of soil stoniness, 96.60% of soil
texture, 72.78% of distance from river, and 97.89% of distance from road for the study
area, respectively, are in the range of highly to marginally suitable for spate irrigation
systems. The overall analysis of these parameters for the study watershed for potential
spate irrigation of irrigable land shows that 0.03 % (0.55km
2
) highly suitable, 36.41 %
(698.45km
2
) moderately suitable, 62.23 % (1193.85km
2
) marginally suitable for the
entire area, and its water demand for specific crops such as sorghum, maize and wheat
was also estimated as 396.7, 471.9, and 450.2 mm, respectively, for one spate irrigation
season. In conclusion, irrigation potential from this figure can be increased using spate
irrigation system and GIS and Remote Sensing offers a convenient and powerful platform
to integrate spatially complex land attributes for performing land suitability analysis and
also, integration of GIS and weighted overlay approach for land suitability analysis
proves to be a useful methodology for further research in the study watershed.
Key Words: Borkena, Land Suitability, Spate irrigation